3D stereophotogrammetry in upper-extremity lymphedema: An accurate diagnostic method

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Upper-extremity lymphedema is a frequent complication in patients treated for breast cancer. Current diagnostic methods for the upper-extremity volume measurements are cumbersome or time consuming. The purpose of this study was to assess the validity and reliability of three-dimensional (3D) stereophotogrammetry for volume measurements in patients with upper-extremity lymphedema. METHOD: Patients with unilateral upper-extremity lymphedema were included. The water displacement volume measurement of both arms was performed using a standardized method. In addition, 3D stereophotogrammetry volume measurements were conducted. RESULTS: Eleven patients (22 arms) were included. The mean volumes obtained by 3D stereophotogrammetry and water displacement show a high correlation, with a Pearson's correlation coefficient of 0.99 (p = 0.01). The variance calculated by 3D stereophotogrammetry measurements (205 mL) was statistically significant less than that obtained via water displacement measurements (1540 mL) (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: 3D stereophotogrammetry is an accurate method for measuring upper-extremity volume in patients with lymphedema and gives a lower variance value compared to that of the water displacement measurements. We recommend the use of this method in the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with lymphedema.