Flowing Insights into High-Risk Myeloid Malignancies: High-Dimensional Profiling and Immunotherapy Design to Boost Anti-Tumor Immunity

Abstract

The immune system protects the body by recognizing and removing harmful germs and abnormal cells. When this defense fails, blood cancers like myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) can develop. This dissertation describes how “killer” immune cells behave in these diseases and how new treatments can make them stronger. In patients with MDS, the bone marrow contains killer immune cells that look older and worn out, but nevertheless are still functionally active. In AML patients who receive a donor stem cell transplant, the drug decitabine supports the development of fitter killer immune cells. The research also describes a new method to grow large numbers of dendritic cells, who activate killer immune cells to attack leukemia. Genetic tools further enhance the dendritic cells and make leukemia cells easier to detect. Together, these findings support the development of immunotherapies that lower the chance of relapse and improve survival.