Chronic pain in "probable" vascular dementia: Preliminary findings

Abstract

Background In a previous study, the levels of pain reported by patients with “possible” vascular dementia (VaD) were higher than those reported by older individuals without dementia. Objective To examine experienced pain in patients with “probable” VaD, confirmed by brain imaging. Study Design Observational, cross sectional. Setting Nursing home. Methods The participants were 20 nursing home residents (14 females, 6 males) who met the NINDS-AIREN criteria for “probable” VaD and 22 nursing home residents with a normal mental status (18 females, 4 males). The patients were in a mild to moderate stage of dementia. All of the participants were suffering from arthritis/arthrosis or osteoporosis. Global cognitive functioning was measured by the Mini-Mental State Examination. Pain was assessed by the Coloured Analogue Scale (CAS: original and modified version) and the Faces Pain Scale. The Geriatric Depression Scale and the Symptom Checklist-90 were used to assess mood. Results The main finding was that, after controlling for mood, the pain levels indicated by patients with “probable” VaD (M = 102.32; standard deviation [SD] = 53.42) were significantly higher than those indicated by the control group (M = 59.17; SD = 38.75), only according to the CAS modified version (F[1,29]) = 5.62, P = 0.01, η2 = 0.16). Conclusion As VaD patients may experience greater pain than controls, it is essential for prescribers to be aware of the presence of this neuropathology if these patients are to receive adequate treatment.